企业社会责任与企业价值——组织惰性与行业敏感度的调节作用

以2012—2016年沪深两市A股上市公司的数据为依据,通过实证分析研究了企业社会责任对企业价值的影响,并从组织层面和行业层面的视角探讨了组织惰性和行业敏感度对该影响的调节作用。研究结果表明,企业社会责任对企业价值具有显著的促进作用;组织惰性减弱了企业社会责任对企业价值的促进作用;行业敏感度阻碍了企业通过履行社会责任进而提升企业价值的过程。     

Why has China’s vertical specialization declined?

Vertical specialization (VS) is quantified by the VS share, which measures the average import content per dollar of exports. A characteristic of China’s export trade is its strong dependence on assembly and processing activities. To take proper account of this, China’s VS shares should explicitly distinguish processing export production from other production. We estimate China’s annual VS shares from 2000 to 2012—the latest year for which a special input–output table is available that makes such an explicit distinction. We find that VS shares increased from 2000 to 2004 and subsequently started to decrease. To explore why it has declined, we introduce a new structural decomposition approach. We find that the decrease of the VS share appears to have been driven mainly by the substitution of imported intermediates by domestic products. This occurred in particular in the production of exports, which implies an upgrading of China’s position in global value chains.     

门票减免政策下的景区盈利模式创新研究

门票减免政策是加快发展全域旅游、实现景区乃至旅游业可持续发展的重要举措，但也使过分依赖“门票经济”的景区面临经营困境，因此，研究景区盈利模式创新具有现实意义。文章首先梳理了目前的门票减免政策，然后基于斯莱沃斯基的盈利模式理论，对景区盈利模式要素进行了分析，发现拓宽盈利源、丰富盈利点、巧用盈利杠杆、构筑利润屏障是景区盈利的四大方向。文章结合景区发展的内外部条件，从产业链—要素、产品—利润、文化创意—增加值、外部—借势等角度提出“遍地开花”“金字塔”“点睛之笔”“巧借东风”四种盈利模式，并结合多个景区案例展开分析，探索景区盈利的突破点，为“门票经济”桎梏下的景区创新盈利模式、增加综合收益提供借鉴。     

Unemployment insurance benefits and income smoothing

Labor unemployment insurance reduces unemployment concerns. We argue that these benefits moderate incentives to smooth earnings to reduce employees’ concerns about unemployment risk. Using exogenous variations in unemployment insurance benefits, we find evidence consistent with this argument. We also find that the link between unemployment insurance benefits and income smoothing is stronger when there is higher unemployment risk and when the firm is likely to employ more low-wage workers, who find unemployment insurance benefits especially useful. Our paper contributes to the literature by showing that public policy decisions such as unemployment insurance have significant, albeit probably unintended, externalities on corporate financial reporting.     

国家高新区能否提升城市创新水平?

文章基于2003年至2016年我国215个城市面板数据，运用双重差分模型、空间双重差分模型和分位数回归模型等方法，实证检验了国家高新区对城市创新水平的影响及其空间异质性特征。研究结果表明，国家高新区建设显著提升了城市创新水平，并且高新区设立带动的城市投资集聚是推动城市创新水平提升的重要原因。空间双重差分结果表明，国家高新区对城市创新水平的提升作用并非源于其对周边城市创新资源的掠夺，相反高新区设立对周边城市和省内城市均产生了显著的溢出效应，提升了本省城市和周边外省城市创新水平。此外，国家高新区对城市创新水平的影响具有空间异质性特征，在省会城市、直辖市和副省级城市，高新区对城市创新水平的影响并不显著，而能够显著提升一般地级市创新水平；随着城市创新水平的提升，高新区建设对城市创新水平的促进作用呈现出先增强、后减弱直至不再显著的非对称"倒V型"变化特征。但是研究也发现，国家高新区对城市创新水平影响的区位异质性并不显著，高新区对东部地区和中西部地区城市创新水平提升均具有显著的促进作用。     

Good jump,bad jump,and option valuation

I develop a new class of closed‐form option pricing models that incorporate variance risk premium and symmetric or asymmetric double exponential jump diffusion. These models decompose the jump component into upward and downward jumps using two independent exponential distributions and thus capture the impact of good and bad news on asset returns and option prices. The empirical results show that the model with an asymmetric double exponential jump diffusion improves the fit on Shanghai Stock Exchange 50ETF returns and options and provides relatively better in‐ and out‐of‐sample pricing performance.     

山东省耕地后备资源变化及驱动因素分析

[目的]揭示耕地后备资源变化规律及其驱动因素是进行耕地后备资源合理保护、开发利用的重要基础,但目前对于耕地后备资源变化及驱动因素的研究较为匮乏。[方法]文章以山东省为例,基于2003年和2015年两期耕地后备资源数据库,在分析耕地后备资源时空变化的基础上,采用空间回归模型分析了其变化的驱动因素。[结果]2003~2015年期间,山东省集中连片耕地后备资源减少了30.81万hm~2,其中可开垦土地减少24.97万hm~2,可复垦土地减少5.84万hm~2。[结论]总人口、文盲率、农民人均纯收入、建设用地扩张速度、第一产业产值占总产值比重等是山东省耕地后备资源变化的显著性驱动因素,并且总人口和建设用地扩张的驱动作用最大,受教育程度和产业结构调整的作用次之,农民人均纯收入变化对耕地后备资源变化的影响最小。"宏观统筹协调,异地代补"是解决"耕地后备资源空间分布不均衡、供需不匹配",实现耕地占补平衡、高效合理的开发利用耕地后备资源的必经之路。但异地代补的数量比例和质量应严格控制,并注重对补充耕地地区的经济补偿和政策倾斜,逐步缩小与发达地区之间的差距。     

美国休耕制度及其对中国耕地休耕制度构建的启示

[目的]对美国休耕制度进行解读,并通过对制度文本的系统梳理和对比分析,为中国休耕制度的构建提供参考坐标。[方法]采用文献分析法和对比分析法。[结果]通过文献解读发现:(1)美国休耕立法经历了初步确立、快速发展和调整完善3个阶段;(2)美国休耕制度的政府补贴具有多元的特性,包括土地租金、成本分摊、技术援助、额外奖励和税收抵扣;(3)美国在实施休耕制度时强调计划与市场结合;(4)美国休耕制度的重心最终落脚于实现有机农业转移。[结论]根据这4项研究发现,中国在构建耕地休耕制度的过程中:首先,应逐次建构以休耕为主要内容的法律法规体系;其次,在结合多方财政系统的基础上,建立多元化、差异化、动态化、奖惩结合的休耕补贴机制;再次,需要计划和市场的有机结合,强化计划安排的同时激励农户自觉参与休耕,主动提升耕地地力;最后,休耕制度重心的落脚点应与有机农业发展的趋势相契合。     

Energy‐milk price transmission at the product brand level

This article estimates the pass‐through rates between diesel fuel and retail milk prices at the product brand level. Using a random coefficient logit demand model and taking the direct and indirect impacts of energy prices, this research identifies changes in pass‐through rates before and after the great recession in 2008. Empirical results show that diesel prices significantly impacted the retail prices of milk products and are an important determinant of food price inflation. Pass‐through rates are estimated to range from 0.16 to approximately 0.60 through 2008 with an average of 0.22 for the whole period. Statistical tests indicate that pass‐through rates before June 2008 were significantly higher than after June 2008 when they dropped significantly to 0.04 to 0.17. Interestingly, private label brands have the lowest pass‐through rates, implying that compared to manufacturer brands, private label prices are more insulated from diesel price shocks.     

金融科技对传统银行行为的影响——基于互联网理财的视角

本文使用2011-2015年263家银行的年报数据和北京大学数字金融研究中心基于蚂蚁金服用户数据构建的地市级数字金融普惠指数,探究金融科技的发展对银行行为的影响。研究发现金融科技的发展实质上推动了一种变相的利率市场化,改变了银行的负债端结构,使得银行负债端越来越依赖于同业拆借等批发性资金。负债端结构的改变导致银行资产端风险承担偏好上升,但是借贷利率和净息差都有所下降。即银行选择了更高风险的资产来弥补负债端成本上升所造成的损失,但并没有将成本向下游企业转移。此外,本文还发现规模越大的银行受到金融科技的冲击越小。